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1. What sort of learners are we trying to create? Copy

Living the purposes

It is important that as children and young people move through the education system in Wales they are not viewed as aiming towards the four purposes, but rather seen as living the four purposes during their time at school.

Dylan Jones and Jane Waters. CfW Blog. IoE UWTSD

Enriching students’ sense of being a learner… throughout the curriculum

The four purposes referred to above are the now familiar pillars of the new curriculum for Wales… to develop children and young people as:

ambitious, capable learners, ready to learn throughout their lives; enterprising, creative contributors, ready to play a full part in life and work; ethical, informed citizens of Wales and the world; healthy, confident individuals, ready to lead fulfilling lives as valued members of society.“

There’s a temptation to view these four life enhancing learning behaviours exclusively as outcomes; something to hope for as the end result of the new curriculum. While the new curriculum in Wales is designed to achieve such results, developing them will cause schools to infuse them all the way through the curriculum and across years of education.

In other words the whole curriculum, both in its content, design and delivery, will be dedicated to achieving these wider outcomes for young people. Through new programmes of study and experiences, (PoSE) a set of wider skills and a re-think of assessment, ‘what’ is taught and learned and ‘how’ it is taught and learned should constantly enrich students’ sense of being a learner.

An ambitious curriculum preparing students for the future

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Bringing learning out of the shadows 

Behind the headlines

So, as the new curriculum prepares students ‘ not just for a life of tests but for the tests of life‘ the purpose of education moves beyond the accumulation of knowledge to shaping what a student can become as a person.

To make such outcomes more compelling and understandable the four purposes are expanded using words and phrases such as:

  • resilience
  • perseverance
  • making connections
  • play different team roles
  • use evidence
  • face and overcome challenge
  • manage risk
  • develop empathy

Such words begin to tell us what sort of learners your school will be creating. This means helping students build up the mental, emotional and social resources to enjoy challenge and cope well with uncertainty and complexity. Students have to learn how to be tenacious and resourceful, imaginative and logical, self-disciplined and self-aware, collaborative and inquisitive.

These are descriptors of what are known as learning dispositions, or powers or habits. Taken together they add up to a learning character. Your learning dispositions determine your inclination or tendency for change; they direct those behaviours that influence and underpin your performance throughout life. Making the purposes of Successful Futures successful will rely on paying attention to developing students’ learning dispositions; firing up their energy or appetite for changing, growing and learning . It’s about concentrating on the ‘how’ of learning – on bringing the learning process itself out of the shadows.

 

Learning dispositions/ habits/ powers = learner’s character.

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Can you learn how to learn?

Selling the idea that learning is learnable

It’s an erroneous idea that an individual’s ability is fixed at birth, we now know that the brain is like a muscle in that its intelligence grows with exercise. We also know that intelligence is ‘the sum total of ‘habits of mind’ and that habits can be changed. When learners and their teachers are convinced of these facts it causes a major shift in self belief and the possibilities of education

Helping all young people to understand that learning is learnable, to make them aware of the learning behaviours they command, gives them greater enthusiasm and power for engaging with the potential highs and lows of learning.

When learners become aware of their learning behaviours through structured opportunities to improve it, they become:

  • more reflective and aware of themselves as learners
  • more confident and motivated to learn
  • more willing and able to take responsibility by ‘owning’ their learning for themselves
  • more intentional in their learning
  • keener to carry on learning as they move beyond school
  • more likely to realise their potential and gain grades that were previously regarded as beyond them
  • more confident socially and able to learn with, and from, one another
  • more able to manage transitions and take change in their stride throughout their lives.

Learning is a learnable craft

A valuable set of learning habits

Big questions: some answers

  1. It’s easy for schools to come across lists of learning habits — you might even make up your own! But is there a cluster of learning dispositions that are particularly appropriate for 21st century learners; helping them to deal with an increasingly complex world?
  2. Similarly, teaching ideas to improve student performance abound, but do these teaching ideas develop the valuable, necessary learning habits?

What schools are in search of is a researched collection of learning habits coupled with sound classroom activities and advice about how to nurture and build lifelong learning habits.

Background to an approach that works

Research undertaken by Bristol University, as part of a project into lifelong learning, identified critical dimensions of what is now known as Learning Power; dimensions of learning that can create a step-change in individual, team, and indeed organisational performance.

Furthermore the research found that the power to learn changes over time in response to the qualities of learning environments. As environmental circumstances change, they can have either a constructive or a destructive influence on a person’s power to learn. Informed interventions can significantly enhance personal confidence and performance.

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The Building Learning Power approach developed from this original research. It’s an approach which is focused on developing learning habits through appropriate classroom cultures and which schools and teachers could profitably use to deliver the Successful Futures promise.The emergent powerful learners develop skills in monitoring and reviewing their learning, they pay attention to the diversity of practices that can be effective for learning more thoroughly, and become self-regulating, meta-cognitive learners.

How can we make this work?

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A framework of valuable learning habits

The Supple Learning Mind; framework of high value learning behaviours. 
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The first framework of Building Learning Power is The Supple Learning Mind. This captures the key psychological characteristics that are judged to be of the highest value in helping students to learn and thrive in a complex world. The framework embraces each of the domains of learning and these are shown in its four parts:

  • The Emotional domain of learning (sometimes described as Resilience)
  • The Cognitive domain of learning (sometimes described as Resourcefulness)
  • The Social domain of learning (sometimes described as Reciprocity)
  • The Strategic domain of learning (sometimes described as Reflectiveness)

This learning framework shows that learning isn’t just about having a good memory; it includes how we feel, how we think, how we learn with and from others and how we manage the process of learning. It shows that learning is a complex process. Moreover it provides a language that helps teachers to think about how they cultivate each of the learning behaviours and helps students to gain a better personalised understanding of how they learn content.

Each domain clusters together the high value learning behaviours that best make that domain work well. For example the emotional domain is made up of the learning behaviours of perseverance, managing distractions, absorption and noticing.
The Supple Learning Mind diagram_v2

 The cognitive domain is made up of behaviours like questioning, link making, imagination, reasoning and capitalising.  The social domain is made up of behaviours like interdependence, collaboration, listening and empathy, and imitation. Finally the strategic domain encompasses planning, revising, distilling and meta-learning.

A researched framework of high value learning dispositions

 

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Learning dispositions to underpin the four curriculum purposes

Ambitious, capable learners; enterprising, creative contributors; ethical, informed citizens; healthy, confident individuals.

Brian please put the daffodil in here

Sometimes these ambitious purposes sound too grand and vague to get a practical handle on but the behaviours in the learning power framework can help to underpin and clarify. Being Capable, Creative, Informed, Confident, for example all require good questioning skills. Being ambitious, enterprising, ethical and healthy all draw on the ability to draw on multiple perspectives and see the world from other people’s eyes (empathy). In this way the same learning habit can contribute to several ‘high order’ competencies’.

By the same token each wider skill is itself a composite. Take the wider skill of Creativity and innovation. Research suggests that becoming a creative thinker involves being able to notice details and patterns, taking risks, questioning and playing, learning by imitating others, revising your ideas, and imagining possibilities. Each of these is treated in the Supple Learning Mind framework (see above) as a separate learning behaviour, each of which is capable of being stretched and strengthened. Thus learning dispositions make explicit and coachable the very foundations of those qualities of mind the new curriculum for Wales is trying to secure. They form the very roots of learning, enabling students to develop wider skills throughout the programmes of study and experience and the flowering of the four purposes. 

Learning behaviours: the essential roots of the curriculum

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Some important questions

The headteacher of a Welsh medium school recently told us that:

‘If we do not look at the core purposes and wider skills of the new curriculum through the lens of a well-researched framework of learning dispositions, Successful Futures will fail in Wales. As a school, we are able to understand Successful Futures only because we already understand learning through our engagement with Building Learning Power.’

  • Do you agree with the need for a well-researched framework of learning dispositions?
  • If yes, which well-researched framework do you plan to use to support your implementation of Successful Futures and your understanding of the core purposes and wider skills in designing your curriculum?
  • If no, how do you plan to make sense of, and align, all of the demands that Successful Futures places on schools, on leaders, on teachers, and on learners?

 

 

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The 7 dimensions of learning – A quick overview

What Is Learning Power?

A person’s Learning Power determines, even dictates, their propensity for change and directs those behaviours that influence and underpin performance throughout life.
The power to learn is the essential ingredient in the implementation of strategies for change. Research undertaken at Bristol University as part of the ELLI project into lifelong learning identified 7 critical dimensions of Learning Power, and their supporting attributes that can create a step-change in individual, team, or organisational performance.
The power to learn changes over time and responds to the qualities of learning environments, be that in its sensitivity to classroom culture, or comfort in the home or workplace. As environmental circumstances change, they can have either a constructive or a destructive influence on Learning Power. Nonetheless, informed interventions can significantly enhance personal confidence and play a role in mitigating the negative impacts such as uncertainty and distress.

How we use learning power

When learners become aware of their learning power through structured opportunities to improve it, they become:

  • More reflective and aware of themselves as learners
  • More confident and motivated to learn
  • More willing and able to take responsibility by ‘owning’ their learning for themselves
  • More intentional in their learning
  • Keener to carry on learning as they move beyond school
  • More likely to realise their potential and gain grades that were previously regarded as beyond them
  • More confident socially and intuitively able to learn with, and from, one another
  • More able to manage transitions and take change in their stride throughout their lives.

Why we need learning power

“Students throughout the world need now to reach higher levels of achievement, not only to find fulfilling work but also to empower themselves to thrive in an increasingly complex world”
– Dylan Wiliam
Furthermore, it has almost come upon us by stealth … but with unprecedented access to massive sources of knowledge distributed by the emergent digital, electronic and social technologies, all of us, whether student or employee, are having to develop and apply an enhanced Learning Power if we are to perform to the level that is expected of us.
Creativity, innovation and productivity have become the hallmarks of competitive advantage and a direct reflection of not just a student’s but also an organisation’s learning capacity. Students now need to harness their learning power and intelligence and to translate that learning into action so that they can capitalise on the changing opportunities of an information age.
In a globalised world characterised by rapid change and technological innovation, in which young people have few certainties about their futures; in which most people will have several careers; in which we are faced with some of the gravest international challenges ever to face mankind, it is vital that our young people are equipped with the values, the insights and the skills they will need to navigate their way through the jungle of opportunities and threats.
Helping learners to understand how they learn and how to improve their learning capacity and capability is one of the most important functions schools can offer.

A learning language

The idea of Learning Power has been a feature of education for more than 20 years and there are many ways of deconstructing it. The idea of Learning Power began its journey in research undertaken at the University of Bristol led by Professor Patricia Broadfoot.
Research into learning sought to capture the essence and meaning of Learning Power and identified 7 critical dimensions of Learning Power. These dimensions can be viewed more like attitudes or dispositions than capabilities or skills.

The 7 dimensions are:

  • Changing and Learning – our disposition to grow as a learner
  • Critical Curiosity – our disposition to ask questions to ‘get to the bottom of it’
  • Meaning Making – our disposition to make connections between past information / experience and new knowledge
  • Creativity – our disposition to think ‘outside the box’
  • Resilience – our disposition to be robust when the going gets tough
  • Strategic Awareness – our disposition to be aware of and in control of our learning
  • Learning Relationships – our disposition to learn with and from others

 

 

 

 

 

Should you want a quick overview, click on the down arrow in the bottom grey bar and you can save or print the pdf.

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Strategic Awareness

 

Strategic Awareness is about intentionality and sense of purpose. It governs the way we set about planning and becoming conscious of our aims and objectives. It is about our conscious use of time and resources – and how we use our learning journey thus far – to project our future.

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Strategic Awareness is the most frequently misinterpreted and misunderstood of Learning Power’s dimensions among adults. Forgetting that Strategic Awareness in this context is about the strength or weakness of one’s understanding of how one learns, they read this dimension as a reflection of their capacity to think strategically. Younger learners tend to confuse self-awareness with self-consciousness.

The more effective learners know more about their own learning than others. They are aware of how they approach new learning opportunities, their habits, their preferences and the particular strengths and weaknesses that they bring to a task. Strength in this dimension normally denotes an awareness of personal feelings towards learning, knowledge of how to manage them and therefore exercise control over the learning process to optimise performance.

These learners are interested in becoming more knowledgeable and more aware of themselves as learners, trying out different methods and approaches to see what works best. They are more reflective and better at self-evaluation, better at judging how much time and resource a learning task may require. They are able to talk about learning and themselves as learners. Interestingly, they usually know how to repair the negativity of their own emotional mood when they become frustrated or disappointed.

These are the learners who prefer to be given responsibility for planning and organising their own learning – self-regulating learners in the modern parlance.

Less effective learners in this dimension inevitably mean that the learner is less self-aware, they will also have a tendency to be robotic.

 

 

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Resilience

Resilience is about feeling secure and unafraid. When we are afraid we find it hard to make mistakes, since we fear being judged; either by peers, teachers, parents, or by our own internalised self-critic. When we are Resilient we can work through fear and can learn from our mistakes, being self-aware instead of self-conscious.

Where Resilience is scoring exceptionally strongly it will often dominate the profile and at the expense of a more balanced Learning Power. Creativity, in particular, is frequently compromised, together with Critical Curiosity and Meaning Making. Resilience is especially sensitive to upheaval and the challenges of personal circumstance and environment. These learners persevere in the development of their own learning power, tend to relish a challenge and are robust when the going is tough.

Low scorers are naturally much more fragile with an inability to use their skills and knowledge to overcome seemingly intractable situations.

An orientation towards perseverance in the development of one’s own Learning Power means you relish challenge, as well as being robust when the going gets tough; the opposite is fragility and dependence.

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Meaning Making

Meaning Making is about how we make sense of things. It is about connecting one thing to another, and seeing relationships between ideas, information and experience. It allows us to see the narrative in a set of events, rather than processing fragments of information in a disconnected and piecemeal fashion.

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Meaning makers are intuitively on the lookout for links between what they are learning and what they already know. They get pleasure from, and are energised by, seeing how facts and features fit together. Making connections comes naturally and results both from a propensity for learning and the fact that learning really matters to them.

The pleasure comes from making sense of new knowledge in terms of personal experience and gaining new understanding of challenging concerns, concepts and contexts. Effective meaning makers will ask questions in pursuit of coherence, being interested in the big picture and how new learning fits within it and improves understanding. Learning is often directed towards what, in particular, matters to them as people.

In contrast, less effective learners are more likely to approach learning situations piecemeal and to respond to new information solely on its own individual merits.

 

 

 

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Critical Curiosity

Critical Curiosity is about asking questions. It is to wonder who, why, what, when, where, if and how. It is the refusal simply to accept information at face value, and the determination to look beneath the surface. It knows that asking questions might ultimately be more valuable than having all the answers.

Critical Curiosity is dynamic and an expression of ‘learning energy’.  It reflects a desire to drill down into information looking for further clues and related messaging. These learners are much less accepting of received wisdom, like to get below the surface of apparent truths to find out more than is being offered to them. They value ‘getting to the root cause’ and are more likely to adopt the more challenging learning strategies.

Learners with high levels of critical curiosity will be unlikely to accept what they are told uncritically, enjoy asking questions and are more likely to reveal their questions, doubts and uncertainties publicly.  They like to come to their own conclusions and are inclined to view new knowledge as an opportunity for investigation and enquiry. They are often the first to take responsibility for their own learning and enjoy the challenge. These learners may be something of a teacher’s nightmare, but a gift to the corporate learning and personal development executive.

Conversely, learners low in critical curiosity exhibit passivity, indicating a low level of ‘learning energy’ with the learner quick to accept what they are told uncritically, believing that ‘received wisdom’ is necessarily the truth. Laziness and detachment are often traits, not participating because they do not have the ability but because active speculation and exploratory debate requires an energy that is not currently part of their persona.

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But, students do not acquire these skills by themselves. Rather, the evidence suggests that the innate curiosity of the infant often erodes rather than strengthens in the face of ‘schooling’. 

The promotion of critical curiosity requires a new role for teachers, which is based not on the traditional transmission of information but on process-oriented teaching, which ensures that students are actively involved in the learning process and become lifelong learners and where critical curiosity depends on productive interactions between student and teacher.

Critical thinking, therefore, is unlikely to develop within a classroom culture that is highly teacher-directed, where responsibility for asking questions sits firmly with the teacher and learner participation revolves around answering teacher’s questions.

 
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Creativity

Creativity is about the freedom to discover. It is about trying things out for oneself, in one’s own way, rather than learning by rote or repeating the status quo. In creating something new, we are taking a risk; challenging what already exists. We are also bringing something original and authentic from our own experience.

Image result for creativityCreative learners enjoy a challenge and are willing to take risks. They are able to view situations in different ways and to imagine new possibilities. The younger people are, the more frequently they exhibit natural creative thinking, learning from their mistakes whether building a den, using paint or experimenting in the kitchen or the classroom. The older they become, the more creativity is perceived to be lost to those with strengths in the arts or professions in which there is a material outcome.

Nonetheless, creativity is an important dimension in the diagnosis, development and management of Learning Power.

Image result for creativeHighly creative learners use their energy to play with ideas and take different perspectives, even when they don’t know where their trains of thought are leading. They are receptive to hunches and inklings that bubble randomly into their minds and they make more use of their imagination with visual imagery, pictures and diagrams playing an integral part in their learning adventure. Crucially, creative learners understand that learning often requires a playfulness, lack of seriousness, as well as purposeful and systematic thinking, to be at its most effective. Difficult situations viewed as a positive, an excuse to call on the imagination to offer new solutions to perennial problems.

In contrast to the creative learner, the less effective learner tends to be unimaginative, preferring tried and tested ways of looking at things where routines and rules enable them to feel safer and more secure.

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Learning Relationships

Learning Relationships is about how we work with others. It is about knowing how to balance our interactions for the best possible outcome; at times sharing knowledge and experience, at times asking for help or guidance, and at times being able to work alone, drawing on our own resources.

The most effective learners are good at managing the balance between sociability and learning privately. They are not completely independent, nor are they dependent. They like to learn with and from others and to share their difficulties when it is appropriate. They are naturally versatile and able to adopt the most appropriate learning method, whether working alone or as part of a group.

Highly effective learners acknowledge that learning situations are many and varied and extend beyond the classrooms and organisations of which they may be a part. They know the value of learning by watching and emulating other people, including their peers. They make use of every encounter, using others as learning resources, as learning partners and as sources of emotional support. Nonetheless, despite being able to move easily from one set of learning environments to another with ease and confidence, these learners know that effective learning will also require studying or even dreaming͛ alone. They are self-reliant but have a willingness to compromise in the interests of both other enthusiastic learners and enhancing their own wider experience.

The contrast pole is isolation at one end of the spectrum or dependence at the other. Less effective learners are likely to be stuck by either an inability to engage easily with others, or an over-dependency on others for reassurance or guidance.

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Changing and Learning

Changing and Learning is about self-awareness. It is about understanding that we are changing and adapting all of the time, and that everything we do is a lesson learnt. It means that we can make sense of our learning by viewing it in a wider context, as part of our life story, or ‘learning journey’.

This dimension illustrates how much the learner currently puts into practice their understanding that learning is itself learned and thus, the most effective learners view learning as learnable. They believe that, with concerted effort, their minds can become stronger and more productive and agile just as exercise, discipline and diet can release strength and energy to their bodies.

Highly effective learners view learning as a lifelong process, having understood that learning will lead to change because new experiences, knowledge and skills automatically ensure that the way they think and act will be different from the thoughts and actions that they had previously.

It is important that having to try͛ in order to learn is accepted and experienced positively because, as with conventional muscles, learning muscles also need to be exercised to create growth. Indeed, as the learner’s Learning Power profile records growth in this dimension, it will include the satisfaction of sensing improvement over time.

The realisation of aspiration and ambition, as well as competent strategic leadership, rely heavily on sustained strength in Changing and Learning. 

The less effective learner is stuck and static, less likely to see challenging situations as opportunities to improve their learning capacity. They tend to believe that Learning Power is fixed and that the difficulties they are confronted with do little other than to reveal their limitations.

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Guidance for Coaches

This section is an essential read for a tutor before they attempt to support a student to undertake the profile and explore their feedback.

With 5 sub-sections, it begins by suggesting the best way to get started is for the tutors to have a go at the profile themselves and to discuss with others the feedback they receive. Please do not omit this step.

Then read through each section, ending with considering how you might structure a learning conversation around some exemplar profile feedback. 

 

 

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Section B: Managing team coaching sessions

B1. What will work on the Stepping Stones units achieve for staff and students?

Coaching staff through the implementation of Stepping Stones units should help  teachers to;

  • become enthusiastic leaders of their students learning
  • be committed to approaches that are relevant, worthwhile and manageable
  • develop more and more creative ideas of their own
  • share with each other the rapid impact this shift in perspective has on their students’ learning
  • enjoy their teaching even more

Where teachers work differently students will;

  • find classroom activities engaging and interesting
  • secure a greater understanding of content and make progress
  • understand how using learning behaviours helps them to learn better
  • work towards becoming leaders of their own learning
  • become less dependent on their teachers to provide them with answers and solutions

B2. How might we pace the content? What coaching climate will be most effective?

(i) Suggested pacing of content

Remember – each of the units may take half a term to work through.

In preparation.

Give the team access to the on-line units in advance of the session. Invite them to read it through, get the feel of it,  undertake the suggested activities for themselves, and  scan the suggested teaching ideas . Considering units in this way is essential pre-reading before the team meetings.

Team meeting

Team meeting agendas and support notes are part of every online unit.

Such meetings aim to:

  • assess where teaching practices are now;
  • explore the suggested teaching activities, routines and teacher talk that can/will support students;
  • agree what type of teaching practices to change by undertaking a learning enquiry linked to the online materials.

ii) Building an effective coaching climate

Changing the habits of a professional lifetime is not simple. It involves un-learning and re-learning: unpicking, readjusting, trying things out and seeing what works. It’s about staff using their own learning power to affect changes in themselves. And the desired change is not just in what they think and believe; it is in how they spontaneously talk and act and plan. Even small shifts in the type of language a teacher uses take time to implement fluently. They have to stop using previous language, start using new language, hesitantly at first, then in different contexts, more frequently and with greater fluency.

Think Teacher Learning Community

Think of these team meetings as a Teacher Learning Community the essence of which is a small group of teachers who meet together regularly to deepen their understanding of an approach, trying out new things and reflecting on and sharing their experiments with each other.

iv) A ‘teacher learning community’ team session is usually arranged like this…

Introduction to agree aims for the meeting, and quickly offload irritations or frustrations about work that otherwise could hinder the progress of the meeting.

Sharing how things are going Each member gives a summary of what he or she has tried to achieve since the last meeting. Everyone is expected to report back to every meeting. The group question and probe their colleagues’ summaries to encourage analysis and deeper reflection. They use questions such as ‘What do you think is getting in the way? What would make this even better? How could this technique be modified to make it work for you? What do you think made that work so well?’

New learning The middle section of the meeting is where ideas form the Stepping Stones modules are introduced discussed and decided on. This changing middle section keeps the meetings fresh, but importantly aims to progress the breadth and depth of the approach.

Personal action planning Each member then plans what they intend to try over the next, say, month. This gives teachers time to think and plan in the session itself. 

This action planning is essential. It’s really about how teachers are intending to change their practice, try another way of doing something, inject a Visible Learning Routine into their lessons, talk about learning in a more focused way, and so forth. It is these plans, and how they are supported, that are the engines of change.

Review of the meeting

Finally the group reflect on the original objectives of the meeting to see if they have been achieved.

This tight format makes the purpose of the exercise clear and everyone knows what is expected of them.

Meetings such as these have been a prominent feature in many learning powered schools and have helped teachers to share both successes and tricky problems in an atmosphere of trust and commitment.

Operating ground rules. 

But apart from the structure it’s a good idea to have some ground rules for such meetings. It’s important in keeping groups both comfortable and purposeful.

Try these ground rules for size and amend at your first meeting to suit your team’s way of working.

Pre-session organisation

All team members to:

  • Look through the Stepping Stones materials before a session
  • bring their previous session’s Personal Action Plan to the meeting
  • prepare a two-minute input about their lesson experiments to share with the group

In-session climate

  • Everyone fully engaged in the group
  • No group member can ‘pass’
  • Active listening when not your turn
  • Actively discuss everyone’s input
  • What is said is confidential to the group
  • Constructive criticism – developmental not judgemental
  • No put-downs
  • Open-mindedness
  • Respect others’ views and encourage others’ ideas

Post-session activity:

  • Everyone to undertake their small-scale learning enquiry with a view to feeding back at the next session;
  • Everyone to undertake the required reading for the next session;
  • It’s a good idea to review these ground rules occasionally to make sure the team is working well for all its members.
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Section A: Strategic concerns

A1. What is the overall purpose and shape of the suite of the ten Stepping Stones 1 units?

Once a school has established a commitment to developing students’ learning habits, there is a pressing need to get going, maintain momentum and generate further ideas and enthusiasm.

These online resources answer that need.

The on-line material is designed to;

  • help teachers explore issues of the what and why of changing their practice and offer practical ideas to try in their classrooms
  • enable lead teachers to run teacher learning community sessions where staff plan and share their classroom experiments.

The programme kicks off with a key unit about learning friendly cultures. A Culture for Building Powerful Learner ‘ looks at what a learning friendly culture looks, feels and sounds like and how to achieve such a culture. – we recommend that schools start with this module;

There are then: 

  • 5 units relating to the key learning behaviour of Perseverance and how classrooms need to be if we want perseverance to grow. The content is closely related to what might be described as growth mindset behaviours.
  • 3 units looking at the key learning behaviours of Questioning, Collaboration and Revising.

The Stepping Stones Phase 1 programme winds down with an essential unit about reviewing progress, that of teachers’ practice and that of students’ learning behaviours.

Using these materials across all school teams will;

  • develop team understanding of classroom cultures, learning habits and behaviours and, importantly, how they should develop over time
  • establish team enthusiasm for refreshing student motivation and learning behaviours
  • build expertise through guided sessions that stimulate teachers to use the materials and generate their own ideas.
  • secure a common classroom culture for learning across the school

A2. How do we decide where to start in using the Stepping Stones Phase 1 units?

Firstly:

Begin by looking at the Culture unit. ( A culture to build powerful learners) This unit raises the issue of learning friendly classroom cultures which every teacher needs to be familiar with. Only if everyone is encouraged to consider this unit can the school work confidently towards a consistent learning friendly culture across the school. 

Secondly:

Work through the information unit 

  • Building progression in Perseverance

for a full and rounded picture of this key learning behaving in action

This unit is very short and could be combined with one of the following;

  • Engage students in unsticking their learning
  • Engage students in rising to challenge
  • Engage students in managing distractions
  • Engage students in achieving goals

These can be tackled by the team in any order before . . . 

Thirdly:

Work through the three substantial units

  • Putting Questioning into Learning
  • Putting Collaboration into Learning
  • Putting Revising into Learning

These are probably best tackled in this order.

Fourthly:

Spend time on the critical last unit in Stepping Stones Phase 1

  •  ‘Reviewing our Progress’ unit.

Before continuing into Phase 2 it will be important to consider whether what you are doing is making a difference to the classroom cultures, to teachers’ practice and to the students themselves.

 

You can expect these units to take at least an academic year to fully engage with and derive the benefits of shifting classroom cultures and student expectations. Each unit could take a half term to work through and implement.

 

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6. Growing Independence DRAFTED

This is a bombshell section! It needs to come earlier but not sure where. Certainly before Moving my practice on. Maybe even instead of the talking section cos you could get the talk into a revised classroom practice section.

The why and how of knowing your students as independent learners. 

Find out about how progress in independence could be tracked:

  • The nature of progression
  • What progress in independence might look like
  • Ways of becoming aware of progress
  • Reasons for recording progress

and gain an overview of the importance of progression.

If a parent were to ask whether their child was becoming more independent, what would you be able to say? How would you respond beyond, hopefully, yes, or a bland statement about ‘working on their own’? How would you know? What evidence might you use and where would this come from? 

 

A quick reminder about progression

There are three key facets to the progression of learning behaviours: 

  • the frequency with which the behaviour is used (how often)
  • the range of contexts in which it is used (range of different wheres)
  • and the skilfulness with which it is employed (how effective)

The frequency with which the learning behaviour is used: Is about noticing how often students use the behaviour and then intentionally planning activities that will give more opportunities to extend that frequency. 

The range of contexts within which it is used: Is about noticing where/when students use the learning behaviour and helping them to see how the behaviour used in one context can be applied to different one. 

The skilfulness of the habit: Is about noticing how well students are using the learning behaviour, for example the quality of the questions they are asking. To be able to do this there’s a need for a trajectory of skilfulness, and this is why skilfulness is the most complex of the three dimensions to track. However, once mapped, it helps; students to set targets; self and peer assessment; teachers to design appropriate tasks; curriculum planning and more.

 

What does ‘getting better’ mean?

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What does progress look like?

Our Progression Chart for independence offers a way to understand and map the complex journey from, for example, the dependent learner who needs / craves extensive external support, to the independent learner who learns intentionally with little need for adult motivation.

The following grid needs to be for independence

Download and print a copy

Needs updating to independence

[This is the fully populated progression chart of the poles apart trajectory that you met in section 7 of the module ‘Shaping the future of learning in your school’. ]

This and similar charts are written for teachers rather than students and the statements are too broad to be individually tracked. However, these statements could be used in student reports or broken down into a couple of ‘can do’ statements. Importantly, the statements serve to broaden our understanding of the learning behaviour and enrich the language of learning. This helps teachers to talk more meaningfully about independence and to offer parents a more professional answer to their valid question about progress in independence. 

Take a broad look at learners in your school through the lens of this map of independence:

  • Outliers aside, where are the majority of your youngest learners?
  • Outliers aside, where are the majority of your oldest learners?
  • What is this telling you?

 

 

Becoming independent step by step

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Where are my students now?

Focus now on a class that you teach . . . . 

  • Download and print a B&W copy of the progression chart for Independence.
  • Download a B&W copy
  • change above download
  • Colour in the cells where you think most of your students are already secure.

Ask yourself:

  • Which skills / attitudes should I attend to next in order to help my learners to become more independent?
  • Can I use any of the ideas in the preceding sections to help me to do this?

 

 

A chance to reflect

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QuestionMark100
Ask yourself:

  • Do our students become increasingly independent as they pass through our school?
  • Can you speculate on why this happens?
  • Would plotting this progression be useful?
    • to teachers
    • to students
    • to parents
  • How realistic would it be to have most of your students reaching at least the Value/Green phase?
  • How might you use the chart to help you sort out the evidence you need to collect to show such progression robustly?
  • How could you use this progression chart to inform:
    • teaching?
    • learning?
    • mentoring?
    • target setting?
    • curriculum planning?
    • reporting to parents?
Continue Reading

6. Growing Confidence

The why and how of knowing your students as confident learners. 

Find out about how progress in confidence could be tracked:

  • The nature of progression
  • What progress in confidence might look like
  • Ways of becoming aware of progress
  • Reasons for recording progress

and gain an overview of the importance of progression.

If a parent were to ask whether their child was becoming more confident, what would you be able to say? How would you respond beyond, hopefully, yes, or a bland statement about ‘being  more confident in class’? How would you know? What evidence might you use and where would this come from? 

 

A quick reminder about progression

There are three key facets to the progression of learning behaviours: 

  • the frequency with which the behaviour is used (how often)
  • the range of contexts in which it is used (range of different wheres)
  • and the skilfulness with which it is employed (how effective)

The frequency with which the learning behaviour is used: Is about noticing how often students use the behaviour and then intentionally planning activities that will give more opportunities to extend that frequency. 

The range of contexts within which it is used: Is about noticing where/when students use the learning behaviour and helping them to see how the behaviour used in one context can be applied to different one. 

The skilfulness of the habit: Is about noticing how well students are using the learning behaviour, for example the quality of the questions they are asking. To be able to do this there’s a need for a trajectory of skilfulness, and this is why skilfulness is the most complex of the three dimensions to track. However, once mapped, it helps; students to set targets; self and peer assessment; teachers to design appropriate tasks; curriculum planning and more.

 

What does ‘getting better’ mean?

jean-victor-balin-arrow-orange-down

What does progress look like?

Our Progression Chart for confidence offers a way to understand and map the complex journey from, for example, the insecure, needy learner lacking in self-confidence, to the learner with the inner confidence to direct and control their own learning.

Download and print a copy [This is the fully populated progression chart of the poles apart trajectory that you met in section 7 of the module ‘Shaping the future of learning in your school’. ]

This and similar charts are written for teachers rather than students and the statements are too broad to be individually tracked. However, these statements could be used in student reports or broken down into a couple of ‘can do’ statements. Importantly, the statements serve to broaden our understanding of the learning behaviour and enrich the language of learning. This helps teachers to talk more meaningfully about confidence and to offer parents a more professional answer to their valid question about progress in confidence. 

Take a broad look at learners in your school through the lens of this map of confidence:

  • Outliers aside, where are the majority of your youngest learners?
  • Outliers aside, where are the majority of your oldest learners?
  • What is this telling you?

 

 

Becoming confident, step by step

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Where are my students now?

Focus now on a class that you teach . . . . 

  • Download and print a B&W copy of the progression chart for Confidence.
  • Download a B&W copy
  • Colour in the cells where you think most of your students are already secure.

Ask yourself:

  • Which skills / attitudes should I attend to next in order to help my learners to become more confident?
  • Can I use any of the ideas in the preceding sections to help me to do this?

 

 

A chance to reflect

jean-victor-balin-arrow-orange-down

QuestionMark100
Ask yourself:

  • Do our students become increasingly confident as they pass through our school?
  • Can you speculate on why this happens?
  • Would plotting this progression be useful?
    • to teachers
    • to students
    • to parents
  • How realistic would it be to have most of your students reaching at least the Value/Green phase?
  • How might you use the chart to help you sort out the evidence you need to collect to show such progression robustly?
  • How could you use this progression chart to inform:
    • teaching?
    • learning?
    • mentoring?
    • target setting?
    • curriculum planning?
    • reporting to parents?
Continue Reading

6. Growing Resilience

The why and how of knowing your students as resilient learners. 

Find out about how progress in resilience could be tracked:

  • The nature of progression
  • What progress in resilience might look like
  • Ways of becoming aware of progress
  • Reasons for recording progress

and gain an overview of the importance of progression.

If a parent were to ask whether their child was becoming more resilient, what would you be able to say? How would you respond beyond, hopefully, yes, or a bland statement about ‘sticking at things for longer’? How would you know? What evidence might you use and where would this come from? 

 

A quick reminder about progression

There are three key facets to the progression of learning behaviours: 

  • the frequency with which the behaviour is used (how often)
  • the range of contexts in which it is used (range of different wheres)
  • and the skilfulness with which it is employed (how effective)

The frequency with which the learning behaviour is used: Is about noticing how often students use the behaviour and then intentionally planning activities that will give more opportunities to extend that frequency. 

The range of contexts within which it is used: Is about noticing where/when students use the learning behaviour and helping them to see how the behaviour used in one context can be applied to different one. 

The skilfulness of the habit: Is about noticing how well students are using the learning behaviour, for example the quality of the questions they are asking. To be able to do this there’s a need for a trajectory of skilfulness, and this is why skilfulness is the most complex of the three dimensions to track. However, once mapped, it helps; students to set targets; self and peer assessment; teachers to design appropriate tasks; curriculum planning and more.

 

What does ‘getting better’ mean?

jean-victor-balin-arrow-orange-down

What does progress look like?

Our Progression Chart for resilience offers a way to understand and map the complex journey from, for example, the ready giver-upper to the highly tenacious student in pursuit of their own goals.

Download and print a copy [This is the fully populated progression chart of the poles apart trajectory that you met in section 7 of the module ‘Shaping the future of learning in your school’. ]

This and similar charts are written for teachers rather than students and the statements are too broad to be individually tracked. However, these statements could be used in student reports or broken down into a couple of ‘can do’ statements. Importantly, the statements serve to broaden our understanding of the learning behaviour and enrich the language of learning. This helps teachers to talk more meaningfully about resilience and to offer parents a more professional answer to their valid question about progress in resilience. 

Take a broad look at learners in your school through the lens of this map of resilience:

  • Outliers aside, where are the majority of your youngest learners?
  • Outliers aside, where are the majority of your oldest learners?
  • What is this telling you?

 

 

Becoming resilient, step by step

jean-victor-balin-arrow-orange-down

Where are my students now?

Focus now on a class that you teach . . . . 

  • Download and print a B&W copy of the progression chart for Resilience.
  • Download a B&W copy
  • Colour in the cells where you think most of your students are already secure.

Ask yourself:

  • Which skills / attitudes should I attend to next in order to help my learners to become more resilient?
  • Can I use any of the ideas in the preceding sections to help me to do this?

 

 

A chance to reflect

jean-victor-balin-arrow-orange-down

QuestionMark100
Ask yourself:

  • Do our students become increasingly resilient as they pass through our school?
  • Can you speculate on why this happens?
  • Would plotting this progression be useful?
    • to teachers
    • to students
    • to parents
  • How realistic would it be to have most of your students reaching at least the Value/Green phase?
  • How might you use the chart to help you sort out the evidence you need to collect to show such progression robustly?
  • How could you use this progression chart to inform:
    • teaching?
    • learning?
    • mentoring?
    • target setting?
    • curriculum planning?
    • reporting to parents?
Continue Reading

7. How will we know that our students are progressing as learners? NEEDS TRAJECTORIES

The why and how of knowing how your students are progressing as learners. 

Find out about what progress in learning might look like:

  • The nature of progression in learning behaviours
  • What progress in learning behaviours might look like
  • Ways of becoming aware of progress
  • Reasons for recording progress

and gain an overview of the importance of progression in learning behaviours.

If a parent were to ask whether their child was more resilient than when they arrived in the school, what would you be able to say? How would you respond beyond, hopefully, yes, or a bland statement about ‘sticking at things for longer’? How would you know? 

A quick overview of progression

There are three key facets to the progression of learning behaviours: 

  • the frequency with which the behaviour is used (how often)
  • the range of contexts in which it is used (range of different wheres)
  • and the skilfulness with which it is employed (how effective)

The frequency with which the learning behaviour is used: Is about noticing how often students use the behaviour and then intentionally planning activities that will give more opportunities to extend that frequency. 

The range of contexts within which it is used: Is about noticing where/when students use the learning behaviour and helping them to see how the behaviour used in one context can be applied to different one. 

The skilfulness of the habit: Is about noticing how well students are using the learning behaviour, for example the quality of the questions they are asking. To be able to do this there’s a need for a trajectory of skilfulness, and this is why skilfulness is the most complex of the three dimensions to track. However, once mapped, it helps; students to set targets; self and peer assessment; teachers to design appropriate tasks; curriculum planning and more.

 

What does ‘getting better’ mean?

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What does progress look like? Firstly, a word of warning

Our Progression Trajectories for Resilience, Confidence and Independence follow. There are, almost inevitably, overlaps, since Resilience, Confidence and Independence are themselves inter-related:

 

Without resilience, confidence in misplaced:

Without confidence, resilience is short-lived:

Without both, independence cannot flourish.

 

 

 

Resilience, Confidence and Independence are inter-related

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What does progress in Resilience look like?

The page below offers an overview of progression in learning behaviours and sketches the poles of such a progression for Resilient Learners.

CREATE POLES APART:

4 threads:

1) LHS: No coping strategies

thread title: Dealing with being stuck

RHS : Unphased by being stuck knowing they have the strategies to overcome it.

2) LHS: Prone to be distracted. Put off by lack of resources. Sensitive to negativity.

thread title: Managing distractions

RHS: Manages own learning environment independently according to a positive-learning value system.

3) LHS: Gives up easily. Craves constant support. Put off by ‘too much to do’.

thread: Dealing with challenge

RHS: Seeks out and relishes challenging activities knowing they have the skills and emotions to make them successful.

4) LHS: Little sense of ends or goals or working towards something purposefully.

thread: Working towards goals

RHS: Sets and works towards long term (life) goals.

Growing Resilient Learners

The learning behaviours that combine to create Resilient Learners need to develop and mature over time – it is the ‘building’ bit of Building Learning Power. These behaviours should become more frequently employed, in a wider range of contexts, and increasingly skilfully, as learners move through their school careers. 

But what does such ‘growth’ look like ? The learning trajectories hint at the journey from ‘won’t/can’t’ to ‘will/can’ – where are your learners on these trajectories?

The resilient behaviours of the maturing adult should be more sophisticated than those of the infant, but this is not always / inevitably the case.  

The questions below relate to the ‘Dealing with being Stuck’ trajectory but could, of course, have been written with only minor amendments, about any of the learning behaviours that comprise Resilient Learning.

Something to think about . . .

Take a look at the ‘Dealing with being Stuck’ learning trajectory above.

You will have some students who have ‘no coping strategies’, and some others who are ‘unphased by being stuck knowing they have the strategies to overcome it’. Ignore these ‘outliers’ for a moment:

  • Where would you guesstimate the majority of your learners to be on this journey?
  • Do many of them equate how they deal with being stuck with being successful?
  • How many of them actually act on this?
  • Do you believe that your students become better at dealing with being stuck as they move through your school?
  • Why do you think this might be?
  • Do you have any evidence for this? 

If you would like to see a fully populated trajectory for Resilience, go to the companion module ‘Helping your learners to be resilient’.

 

 

Becoming resilient, poles apart

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The page below offers an overview of progression in learning behaviours and sketches the poles of such a progression for Confident Learners.

CREATE POLES APART DIAGRAM ONCE GRIDS AGREED 

Growing Confident Learners

The learning behaviours that combine to create Confident Learners need to develop and mature over time – it is the ‘building’ bit of Building Learning Power. These behaviours should become more frequently employed, in a wider range of contexts, and increasingly skilfully, as learners move through their school careers. 

But what does such ‘growth’ look like ? The learning trajectories hint at the journey from ‘won’t/can’t’ to ‘will/can’ – where are your learners on these trajectories ?

The confident behaviours of the maturing adult should be more sophisticated than those of the infant, but this is not always / inevitably the case.  

The questions below relate to the Confidence from Self-Awareness trajectory but could, of course, have been written with only minor amendments, about any of the learning behaviours that comprise Confident Learning.

Something to think about . . .

Take a look at the Confidence from Self-Awareness learning trajectory above. You will have some students who are ‘unaware of thinking about how they are learning’, and some others who ‘use the knowledge they have gained about themselves as a learner to deliberately control and monitor what they do to achieve the desired results’. Ignore these ‘outliers’ for a moment:

  • Where would you guesstimate the majority of your learners to be on this journey?
  • Do many of them equate confidence with being successful?
  • How many of them actually act on this ?
  • Do you believe that your students become more aware of themselves as learners as they move through your school?
  • Why do you think this might be?
  • Do you have any evidence for this?

If you would like to see a fully populated trajectory for Confidence, go to the companion module ‘Helping your learners to be confident individuals’.

 

Becoming confident, poles apart

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The page below offers an overview of progression in learning behaviours and sketches the poles of such a progression for Independent Learners.

CREATE POLES APART DIAGRAM ONCE GRIDS AGREED 

Growing Independent Learners

The learning behaviours that combine to create Independent Learners need to develop and mature over time – it is the ‘building’ bit of Building Learning Power. These behaviours should become more frequently employed, in a wider range of contexts, and increasingly skilfully, as learners move through their school careers. 

But what does such ‘growth’ look like ? The learning trajectories hint at the journey from ‘won’t/can’t’ to ‘will/can’ – where are your learners on these trajectories ?

The independent behaviours of the maturing adult should be more sophisticated than those of the infant, but this is not always / inevitably the case.  

The questions below relate to the Setting Priorities trajectory but could, of course, have been written with only minor amendments, about any of the learning behaviours that comprise Independent Learning.

Something to think about . . .

Take a look at the Setting Priorities learning trajectory above.

You will have some students who have ‘little sense of ends or purpose, who rush ahead with the first idea that comes to mind.’, and some others who have ‘plans for managing their lives and contingency plans to cover what ifs.’. Ignore these ‘outliers’ for a moment:

  • Where would you guesstimate the majority of your learners to be on this journey?
  • Do many of them equate independence with being successful?
  • How many of them actually act on this ?
  • Do you believe that your students become more independent as they move through your school?
  • Why do you think this might be?
  • Do you have any evidence for this?

If you would like to see a fully populated trajectory for Independence, go to the companion module ‘Helping your learners to be independent’.

 

Becoming independent poles apart

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What types of evidence might you look for?

Having students use a learning behaviour is one thing, but enabling students to use it more frequently, more skilfully and in a wider range of contexts, is our aim. How might we track such progress? Evidence teachers could collect in order to make these kinds of judgements include:

  • what students think of themselves as learners
  • what teachers observe of students as learners
  • what other people perceive of students as learners.

1. What students think about themselves as learners

2016-03-10 13.33.57_6000 x 4000Given the opportunity, students are often happy to reflect on, talk about or write about themselves as learners. Learners’ own self-reports offer a rich and legitimate source of evidence through, for example:

  • extracts from students’ learning logs;
  • digital records of personal best moments taken by students themselves;
  • student responses to self-report questionnaires;
  • evidence from self and peer assessments;
  • testimony recorded in their school planner.

2. What teachers observe of students as learners

_ELE9692 As teachers assess students’ learning they will also be noticing and commentating on their use of various learning behaviours. Teachers will be rewarding or praising the determined use of learning behaviour or undertaking observations of students as they grapple with a new challenge.

Such evidence might include:

  • students’ products or performances;
  • photographic records of ‘personal best’ moments;
  • dynamic assessment—observations and records made of students in the process of learning.
    • when and how they ask for help.
    • the kinds of questions they ask.
    • the sort of self-talk they venture out loud;
  • a record of to whom, when and why recognitions of learning behaviours were given;
  • noticing student comments that echo progression chart statements.(e.g. the charts above)

3. What other people perceive of students as learners

Evidence of using their learning behaviours more widely can be drawn not only from other teachers but from people who see the students outside school. It might include:

  • unsolicited comments from parents;
  • digital records from home or school clubs or out-of-school activities;
  • testimony from employers regarding a student’s attitude to work during work experience;
  • testimony from piano teachers, sports coaches, youth club leaders, and the like.

Naturally, as you gain a clearer record of your students’ growth as learners (as opposed to knowers), you have a rich evidence base from which to report more extensively to parents about both their attainment levels and how they are developing as a learner.

 

What might the evidence look like?

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The benefits of looking for progress

Schools find it useful to start documenting progression in students’ learning behaviours because it:

  • motivates and encourages students to put in the effort to continue improving their learning behaviours;
  • gives students feedback on their learning behaviour progress so that they can decide which learning behaviours they might target in the next period;
  • encourages teachers to recognise that their efforts to improve learning behaviours are being effective;
  • gives teachers information about individual students or classes to enable them to discuss and guide learning development more precisely and helpfully;
  • validates the progress made by students in terms of conventional attainment measures.

 

Why do it?

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QuestionMark100
Consider:

  • what are the advantages of tracking learning behaviours in this way?
  • any disadvantages?
  • how could you use the outcomes to inform:
    • teaching?
    • learning?
    • mentoring?
    • target setting?
    • curriculum planning?
    • reporting to parents?

 

 

 

Continue Reading

6. Team reflection and planning

This section offers a framework for supporting a productive Teacher Learning Community

If you are undertaking this unit alone and are not part of a Teacher Learning Community structure, please move on to Section 7.

Teacher learning communities have the potential to provide you, as teachers and support staff, with the information and support you need to develop your practice in deep and lasting ways. They provide a forum for supporting you in converting the information and ideas in the online learning sessions into “lived” practices within your specific subjects and classrooms. They provide a safe forum in which to;

  • kick around ideas from the online content,
  • unpack it’s meaning when it’s unclear,
  • consider what’s do-able and appropriate for your pupils
  • make plans for what and how you might incorporate the ideas into your practice
  • share and unpack what you have tried in the classroom
  • relate your triumphs and tribulations
  • support colleagues through changes in practice
  • reflect on what you hope you might do, or have done, differently

 The format of the agenda is based on research into teacher learning communities by Dylan Wiliam, of Assessment for Learning (AfL) fame. Teacher learning communities are the engines of teacher development.   

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7. Moving my practice on: Interdependence

This section is for those teachers who are undertaking this unit alone and are not part of a Teacher Learning Community structure.

Cultivating learning habits ultimately involves:

  • Providing rich and varied occasions for exercising learning habits;
  • Infusing learning habits into lessons to enhance content understanding;
  • Recognising and celebrating the use and growth of learning habits;
  • Expecting students to take ownership of and responsibility for their own learning habits;
  • Exploring the development of learning habits with students over time.

As a teacher you are an influential character builder and so need to be mindful of how you help students form, replace, re-form and strengthen their learning habits.

But don’t worry, you’re not there yet. It takes most teachers between 2 and 3 years to become really fluent with this way of teaching. So, go easy on yourself. Feel determined because small steps often prove to be big levers for change. Have a think about what you might do…

 

What to stop and start

Here are a few ideas you might want to try. Take it steady, this way of teaching can be a big but exciting shift so it’s worth doing it slowly and thoughtfully.

Look first at the Stop/avoid ideas. Some of these are far from trivial but it’s best to try to remove them before starting on the Start/do more of, Start slowly and Experiment with ideas.

What do you think?

  • Which of the ideas appealed to you most?
  • Can you see ways of incorporating these into your subject/class routines?
  • Which would make the biggest difference to your students?
  • Which would make your life easier?

Make a note of…Little_r

  • Ideas that you want to try and the impact you hope they will have on your teaching and on your students.

Continue Reading

5. Develop your talk for… Interdependence

Developing your learning language

Here is a range of things you can say to nudge interdependence. When you use this kind of language you are talking as a learning coach, encouraging students to think for themselves. Using such statements encourages your students to:

  • imitate you;
  • start to think in this way;
  • become conscious of these phrases and their meaning.

Eventually you will hear some of the questions pop up in students’ self-talk….in speech or even in writing from time to time, but mostly these will go on inside their heads. As your work on interdependence gathers pace see if you can detect students who talk, or think, in these ways.

Learning-talk nudges that encourage Interdependence

Teacher talk – as a learning coach

Here are 10 ideas to ensure students do the thinking for themselves

Talk to nudge

  1. What kinds of things do you like doing with other people?
  2. How do you think it would be best to do this – by yourself or with someone else?
  3. Is there someone you like to learn with? Why do you think you learn well together?
  4. You stuck to your ideas really well in that group. Did you think your ideas were the best? What made you think that?
  5. Listen to each other’s ideas and then choose which is best.
  6. When is it a good idea to learn by yourself?
  7. How might you help . . . . to  . . . . . ?
  8. Who could help you to . . . . . . ?
  9. Is it always right to hang on to your own ideas when faced with opposition?
  10. (How) can you find a way forward together?

What do you think?

  • Which of these interdependence nudges might you start using?
  • In which particular lessons would such nudging be most useful?
  • How will most of your students respond to such nudges?
  • Will this way of engaging be more popular with girls or boys?
  • What other nudging ideas might you add to the list?

Make a note of…

Little_r

  • Students’ reactions to the nudges.
  • Ideas about why this might be.
  • Ways in which you could further encourage students to imitate this meta-cognitive self-talk.
  • Any positive or negative impact of these interdependent behaviours.

Continue Reading

4. Ideas for classroom practice: Interdependence

Some ideas to encourage an Interdependent frame of mind

In the early stages of building your students’ learning power your role is to; make them aware of the behaviour; talk about it (what, how, why, when, if); celebrate its use; give opportunities to practise it, both in lessons and elsewhere; reflect on it to improve it. This staged start is reflected below…

  1. Firstly… make students aware of the use and importance of interdependence…when, where, why, how they are or could be doing it 
  2. Then… explore interdependence a little more through the language of interdependence
  3. Try… using interdependence as a lesson starter to tune students into using it
  4. Then start… blending interdependence into the way you teach the content. Use specific interdependence strategies to deepen content understanding.
  5. Ensure… students reflect on the success or otherwise of their interdependent frame of mind.

 

1. Make students aware of Interdependence

How you make students aware of the words that describe the behaviour and why it is important to use it.

Primary

Catch them at it

 

Notice when the children choose to work with others or by themselves and discuss their choices with them.

Ask them:

  • When is it better to do it by yourself?
  • When is it better to work with a friend?
  • What can’t you do XX by yourself?
  • When do you need more than one friend to work with?

Secondary

Build on others’ ideas

Image result for abc

Prepare the way for students to build on the ideas of others when working in a group by making ‘ABC’ a routine that you use during whole-class teaching.
Once a student has answered a question, ask another student to Add to it, to Build on it, to Challenge it, to Defend it, to Elaborate on it, or to Find a Flaw in it.

As easy as ABC! This improves students’ listening skills at the same time.

Primary

Display, praise and talk about Interdependence

Take photographs of the pupils playing and learning in different groups or on their own. Try and find pictures in magazines or newspapers showing collaboration or people working alone. Take photographs at your staff  and governors’ meeting or of teachers and teaching assistants engaged in activities before and after school. Make a colourful display entitled ‘Ones, Twos, Threes or More? and talk about the importance and value of working together


Secondary

Learn to share information

Divide and Conquer

 

Design activities where no one person has all of the information. This is to ensure that students MUST work together to solve the problem. Try splitting information on to different cards that students can tell/say (but not show) to each other.

A ‘cut-up and reassemble’ activity of this type calls for interdependence.


2. Explore the language of Interdependence

How you might extend the language and understanding of this behaviour

Primary

Introduce interdependence through story

Happy Birthday Mum

A story to introduce the idea of Interdependence and to get children talking about Interdependence.

Story Guide & Story: ‘Happy Birthday Mum’

Secondary

Extend the language of noticing

A way with words

Collect words that tell you how people learn to become Interdependent.

Explore well known sayings

What do we mean when we say …

Two heads are better than one

More than the sum of the parts

3. Use Interdependence as a lesson starter

Use a quick starter to key students into the learning behaviour you want to concentrate on in the lesson. i.e. here you are starting up the need to demonstrate interdependence.

Primary and Secondary

Visible Thinking Routine – Think, Pair, Share

 

The structure of Think/Pair/Share embodies thinking it through by yourself (the ‘Think’ bit), followed by small group (Pair) and larger group (Share) collaborative learning, but it is frequently used as a precursor to group work.

However if at the end of the Share bit, learners are invited, individually, to decide how they now wish to learn – alone or with others – the responsibility is moved to them. They have experienced both individual and team effort, and can now decide what will work best for them in this particular circumstance.


 

As you develop greater understanding of interdependence you may want to design learning activities which, by their very nature, will deepen students’ tendency to use interdependence AND develop their understanding of the content.

4. Focus on Interdependence as a learning strategy

Draw out the interdependent behaviours being used in a thinking routine.

Primary and Secondary

Who can you ask? Who can you help?

In most situations there is someone in the room (other than the teacher!) who knows how to do something that you have not yet mastered or knows / understands something that you have not yet understood. Who could that be? Who could you ask?

Equally, in most situations, there are things that you know, understand or can do that others have yet to master. Who could that be? Who can you help?

In either case, the teacher is fostering peer teaching and learner independence.

The point here is to help students to recognise that:

  • the teacher is not the only source of expertise in the room;
  • peers can play an active role in your own learning;
  • you can play an active role in the learning of others.

 


 

And here is an idea that will help students to understand the interdependence processes.

5. An activity to highlight and strengthen Interdependence

Design specific activities to highlight and strengthen the behaviour

Passing the bucket.

Divide class into groups of seven and provide them with a bucket filled with water (best done outdoors!).

Provide instructions: “The bucket has to pass smoothly round the circle of seven in a clockwise direction while the circle rotates smoothly in an anti-clockwise direction. You may not discuss how to do this. You have exactly five minutes.”

Use the activity to help students to recognise that individuals need to work together in an efficient and purposeful way if they are to overcome an apparently insuperable problem.

Coaching notes

6. Reflect on Interdependence

Primary

Make reflecting on Interdependence part of everyday lessons

Here is a very practical example of how you might develop the emotional climate of the classroom and make it Interdependence friendly.

Learning Mats

Download

Learning mats are A4 laminated sheets that show various aspects of a learning habit. Keep them on desks/tables or as part of a wall display.


Secondary

A Learning Log to alert students to Interdependence and how it impacts across various aspects of their learning lives

A useful resource for tutor time to guide reflection and a wide ranging discussion.

Trainer Notes

Primary and Secondary

What do you think?

  • Can you see a use for any of the suggested activities?
  • Have you raised awareness of interdependence with your students?
  • Does your class have an agreed set of good interdependent behaviours?
  • Which two ideas from above do you want to try out?
  • How long will you keep them going before you decide whether they have worked or not?

Make a note of…Little_r

  • What happens in your classroom in response to any of the above ideas.
  • How students’ behaviour changes over about 3 weeks of becoming more familiar and talking about the behaviour.
  • How your behaviour in the classroom changes as you use these ideas over time.

NB. None of the behaviours above will lead to instant understanding in students nor instant changes of behaviour. You will need to drip them in over time and keep building and refreshing your language of learning.

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2. A classroom culture for Interdependence

Building Learning Power is about creating a culture in classrooms – that systematically cultivates habits and attitudes that enable young people to face difficulty calmly, confidently and creatively. By a ‘culture’ we mean all the little habits, routines and practices that implicitly convey ‘what we believe and value round here’.

So ‘culture’ concerns the details of the micro-climate that you create in your classrooms. What you do and say, what you notice and commend and what you don’t, what kind of role model of a learner you offer – all these are of the essence. The micro-climate of a classroom can inadvertently stifle, or specifically enhance, the very behaviours you are seeking to promote.

Does my classroom climate encourage interdependence?

Here is a selection of features that might begin to shape the emotional climate of your classroom to encourage interdependence.

The diagram has 4 sections:

  • Top – strategies you could build into the way you teach to stimulate interdependence;
  • Right – indications of the sort of language you might use to stimulate interdependence;
  • Bottom – ways in which you might celebrate / praise students’ interdependence;
  • Left – things that you need to enable students to do.

Apply your own noticing and consider whether you already use any of these features and which you fancy trying.

 

Download as a pdf

What do you think?

  • Which of the ‘build’ ideas (top) are already features of your teaching?
  • Which of the ‘talk’ prompts (right) do you regularly use when talking about interdependence?
  • Which of the ‘celebrate’ ideas (bottom) are already in evidence your classroom?
  • Which of the ‘enable’ behaviours (left) are you intentionally enabling in your classroom?

Make a note of…Little_r

  • Any ideas that look as if they might help your students to become better at being interdependent.
  • An idea that you want to start doing.
  • An idea that interests you, but you are uncertain what it means or how you might do it.

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1. What is… good Interdependence?

What do we mean by Interdependence ?

Not to be confused with Independence, Interdependence is the ability to ‘rub along’ with others, to balance rights with responsibilities, willing and able to take personal responsibility for the actions they take and the choices they make, willing and able to offer support to others when necessary, so contributing to the greater good. It is about working constructively with others while retaining our own individuality – a balancing act that requires high levels of empathy for others.

What does being an Interdependent learner involve?

If you have a well formed interdependence habit you will be ready,willing, and able to:

  • Balance sociability and self-reliance, knowing when it is appropriate to learn on your own or with others;
  • Maintain your own judgement while remaining open to others’ views, resisting ‘group think’ when necessary, but contributing to ‘group thinking’;
  • Build consensus and defuse conflict, looking for win/win outcomes that benefit everybody.

Spotting the Interdependent learners in your classes

Just to get you tuned in – have a quick think about ‘Interdependent learners you may know’. Make a note of students you know who display these characteristics.

Becoming a teacher who develops students’ learning power means developing a keen awareness of the subtleties of your students’ learning behaviours. 

What do you think?

  • How many of your students come to mind when looked at through the lens of interdependence?
  • Is there a gender balance or have you noted down more girls than boys or vice versa?
  • Are the students you have noted from across all age groups or do some dominate?
  • How do these interdependent characteristics help these students to be better learners?

Make a note of…Little_r

  • Those groups or classes that seem to have lots of good interdependent characteristics.
  • How you think you might capitalise on this.

 

Does my classroom climate encourage interdependence?

Here is a selection of features which might begin to shape the emotional climate of the classroom to encourage interdependence.

Apply your own attentive noticing and consider whether you already use any of these features and which you fancy trying.

What do you think?

  • What do your answers suggest?
  • How does your classroom culture contribute to students’ reactions or approaches to interdependence?
  • Is this broadly negative or positive?
  • What insightful ‘Ah Ha’ moments did you have as you read through the list?
  • How have these changed your view of interdependence?

Make a note of…

 

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6. Team reflection and planning

This section offers a framework for supporting a productive Teacher Learning Community

If you are undertaking this unit alone and are not part of a Teacher Learning Community structure, please move on to Section 7.

Teacher learning communities have the potential to provide you, as teachers and support staff, with the information and support you need to develop your practice in deep and lasting ways. They provide a forum for supporting you in converting the information and ideas in the online learning sessions into “lived” practices within your specific subjects and classrooms. They provide a safe forum in which to;

  • kick around ideas from the online content,
  • unpack it’s meaning when it’s unclear,
  • consider what’s do-able and appropriate for your pupils
  • make plans for what and how you might incorporate the ideas into your practice
  • share and unpack what you have tried in the classroom
  • relate your triumphs and tribulations
  • support colleagues through changes in practice
  • reflect on what you hope you might do, or have done, differently

 The format of the agenda is based on research into teacher learning communities by Dylan Wiliam, of Assessment for Learning (AfL) fame. Teacher learning communities are the engines of teacher development. 

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7. Moving my practice on

This section is for those teachers who are undertaking this unit alone and are not part of a Teacher Learning Community structure.

Cultivating learning habits ultimately involves:

  • Providing rich and varied occasions for exercising learning habits;
  • Infusing learning habits into lessons to enhance content understanding;
  • Recognising and celebrating the use and growth of learning habits;
  • Expecting students to take ownership of and responsibility for their own learning habits;
  • Exploring the development of learning habits with students over time.

As a teacher you are an influential character builder and so need to be mindful of how you help students form, replace, re-form and strengthen their learning habits.

But don’t worry, you’re not there yet. It takes most teachers between 2 and 3 years to become really fluent with this way of teaching. So, go easy on yourself. Feel determined because small steps often prove to be big levers for change. Have a think about what you might do…

 

What to stop and start

Here are a few ideas you might want to try. Take it steady, this way of teaching can be a big but exciting shift so it’s worth doing it slowly and thoughtfully.

Look first at the Stop/avoid ideas. Some of these are far from trivial but it’s best to try to remove them before starting on the Start/do more of, Start slowly and Experiment with ideas.

What do you think?

  • Which of the ideas appealed to you most?
  • Can you see ways of incorporating these into your subject/class routines?
  • Which would make the biggest difference to your students?
  • Which would make your life easier?

Make a note of…Little_r

  • Ideas that you want to try and the impact you hope they will have on your teaching and on your students.

 

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5. Develop your talk for…Meta-learning

Developing your learning language

Here is a range of things you can say to nudge Meta-learning. When you use this kind of language you are talking as a learning coach, encouraging students to think for themselves. Using such statements encourages your students to:

  • imitate you;
  • start to think in this way;
  • become conscious of these phrases and their meaning.

Eventually you will hear some of the questions pop up in students’ self-talk….in speech or even in writing from time to time, but mostly these will go on inside their heads. As your work on meta learning gathers pace see if you can detect students who talk, or think, in these ways.

Learning-talk nudges that encourage Meta-Learning

Teacher talk – as a learning coach

Here are 10 ideas to ensure your students do the thinking for themselves

  1. What are the most important things you have found out about yourself as a learner?
  2. Build in a moment to review what you have done and how you have done it
  3. Where else could you use this skill/knowledge/idea?
  4. Think back to when you. . . What did you learn from that?
  5. What went well? What could be improved? What can we learn from this?
  6. How can you / do you plan your learning in advance?
  7. Ask yourself: what you need to know and then how are you going to come to know it?
  8. How do you get through the boring/difficult bits?
  9. Are you getting better at regulating your learning environment?
  10. Can you  / do you talk about your learning?

What do you think?

  • Which of these Meta-learning nudges might you start using?
  • In which particular lessons would such nudging be most useful?
  • How will most of your students respond to such nudges?
  • Will this way of engaging be more popular with girls or boys?
  • What other nudging ideas might you add to the list?

Make a note of…

Little_r

  • Students’ reactions to the nudges.
  • Ideas about why this might be.
  • Ways in which you could further encourage students to imitate this metacognitive self-talk.
  • Any positive or negative impact of these Meta-learning behaviours.

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4. Ideas for classroom practice

Some ideas to encourage a Meta Learning frame of mind.

In the early stages of building your students’ learning power your role is to; make them aware of the behaviour; talk about it (what, how, why, when, if); celebrate its use; give opportunities to practise it, both in lessons and elsewhere; reflect on it to improve it. This staged start is reflected below…

  1. Firstly… make students aware of the use and importance of meta-learning…when, where, why, how they are or could be doing it. Model being a meta-learner.
  2. Then… explore meta learning a little more through the language of meta learning
  3. Try… using meta learning as a lesson starter to tune students into using it
  4. Then start… blending meta learning into the way you teach the content. Encourage learners to plan, monitor and evaluate their learning. 
  5. Ensure… students reflect on the success or otherwise of their meta learning frame of mind

For example:

  • Teach approaches to encourage learners to plan, monitor and evaluate their learning …first with support and later independently
  • Determine the metacognitive skills needed in a lesson or unit. Build them into your what you say and notice, and how you design the lesson
  • Model being a learner. Use Think Alouds.
  • Have students work collaboratively so as to scaffold each others’ learning.
  • Introduce Visible Thinking Routines (VTR). Any will do.
  • Use some metacognitive strategies such as: self-assessment, “I wonder if”. Reflection time, Traffic lights, Jigsaw groups, Exit tickets, Find your favourite mistake.

1. Make students aware of Meta-Learning

How you make students aware of the words that describe the behaviour and why it is important to use it.

Primary

Give pupils a practical understanding of tools for learning

Discuss learning behaviours and link each one with a practical tool, following children’s ideas about the links. Display pictures of the tools labelled with the behaviour they represent. Collect real tools to be handled in class. When talking about learning behaviours ask pupils which tool would help them to learn something and why.

They will soon able to go and fetch say, a notebook  representing planning, before going outdoors to build a rocket, or the mirror of imitation if they were going to learn by watching someone else first.

 

Secondary

Find out what students know about themselves as learners

A learning fitness quiz

Use this quiz to get students thinking about the process of learning and how they are as learners.

Download

Primary

Introduce learning through story

Our learning friendThe purpose of this story is to introduce thinking about learning. It doesn’t by any means introduce all the learning ‘muscles’ but it begins to focus thinking about how we learn and what it is that good learners do. It offers a way to introduce the idea that there are very particular things that we can learn how to do that will help us to become better learners.

Does your class need a ‘learning friend’?

Story Guide & Story: ‘Our Learning Friend’


Secondary

Create opportunities for reflection

Pay equal attention to what has been learned and how it has been learned in plenaries and review points. Encourage students to describe and discuss the learning behaviours they have been employing. Build in such moments for reflection whenever possible. 

You might use a Rating Wheel to capture their thinking – colour in the segments according to how much they feel they have used the learning behaviour.

Rating Wheel

Download


2. Explore the language of Meta-Learning

How you might extend the language and understanding of this behaviour

Primary

Encourage pupils to see themselves as learners

Related image

Invite pupils to make themselves a ‘Things I have Learned in my Life’ scroll or book.

  • Encourage them to get as much help as they can from friends and family in order to make the most comprehensive list they could.
  • Give them time to share their lists with one another so that one idea inspires another until they feel their list is as complete as it can be.
  • Each time they learn something new, in or out of school, they add it to their list.
  • This can prove be a super weekly celebration to hear about, talk about and congratulate additions.

 


Secondary

Explore successful learning

Time to think … and share ideas

In a small group — Think of something that one of you is good at that the others would like to learn … could be a sport or a school subject, playing an instrument, playing a game, making a drawing.

Interview this person about what goes on in their head when they are practising the skill.

Try questions like;

  • “ What have you tried that didn’t work? ”
  • “ Can you describe what ‘better’ means? ”
  • “ What goes on in your head when you are doing it? ”
  • “ Do you talk to yourself whilst you are learning? – What do you say? ”
  • “ How do you get better at this? ”
  • “ What different ways do you try?”
  • ” When is it best?”
  • “What hinders your learning?”
  • “What helps you to learn?”

3. Use Meta Learning as a lesson starter

Use a quick starter to key students into the learning behaviour you want to concentrate on in the lesson. i.e. here you are starting up the meta learning behaviour

Primary and Secondary

Linking ‘Learning Objectives’ and ‘Learning Behaviours’

Rather than telling students how they will need to be as learners to be successful, share your Learning Objectives / Success Criteria and invite them to discuss and agree the types of learning behaviours that they expect they will need to use in the upcoming lesson / activity.

Ask:

  • Why did they choose those particular behaviours?
  • Have they missed any key ones?
  • How precisely will they use these key behaviours?
  • How will they monitor the use?
  • What are their Success Criteria for the use of these key behaviours?
  • What are my own?


As you develop greater understanding of learning you might design learning activities which, by their very nature, will deepen students’ tendency to become more aware of how they are learning and the effect this is having on  their understanding of the content.

4. Focusing on Meta Learning as a learning strategy

Draw out the meta learning behaviour being used in a thinking routine.

Primary and Secondary

Visible Thinking Routine

Establish reflecting as a classroom routine

  • Begin each lesson with ‘Tell me Three … things we learned last lesson; ways we learned last lesson; things we still need to find out; things you hope to achieve today’.
  • End each lesson with ‘Tell me Three … things we learned today; learning skills we used today; things we need to do next lesson; ways you could become a more effective learner’ etc.
  • Ensure that pupils tell you three. Do not lapse into doing it for them!

Teacher talk to make it work

  • Have we remembered the 3 most important things?
  • What else do you want to find out about this?
  • So, what are you trying to achieve next?
  • What learning behaviours did you use in achieving that?
  • Which behaviour was most successful/useful/redundant?
  • Have you made a habit of that behaviour yet?


 

And here is an idea that will help students to consider how they plan to improve as a learner.

5. An activity to highlight and strengthen Meta Learning

How do you want / need to improve as a learner?

The question itself is deep and searching. It requires the student to have an accurate assessment of their existing learning strengths and weaknesses, and to have identified particular aspects on which they wish / need to work.

Supplementary questions along the lines of ‘what are you actually going to do to achieve that?’ forces the move from wishful thinking to action planning. Such questions, asked to students who understand their learning strengths and relative weaknesses, should elicit fluent responses. But for many, initially, you will need to be prepared to scaffold the conversation, to provide suggestions and to offer strategies that might be employed.

Teacher talk

  • What about your perseverance levels? What do you find tricky there?
  • What do you usually try to do to overcome that?
  • What else might you try to do to overcome that?
  • Who do you know who seems to be good at persevering?
  • followed by 2 supplementary questions . . .
  • What do they do that you don’t?
  • What do you do that they don’t?
  • What will you try to do differently in future?
  • [The same sequence of questions could also be used for any other learning behaviour].

6. Reflecting on Meta Learning

Primary

Make reflecting on Meta Learning part of everyday lessons

Here is a very practical example of how you might develop the emotional climate of the classroom and make it Meta Learning friendly

Learning Mats

Download

Learning mats are A4 laminated sheets that show various aspects of a learning habit. Keep them on desks/tables or as part of a wall display.


Secondary

Taking reflection to another level . . . .

Thus far students have been reflecting on whether and / or how frequently they have been using various learning behaviours. Use this Rating Wheel to get them reflecting on how well they have used these behaviours. Challenge them to explain why they believe they have used the behaviour effectively. How could you use their answers to build definitions of effective learning behaviours?

Download

Primary and Secondary

What do you think?

  • Can you see a use for any of the suggested activities?
  • Have you raised awareness of meta learning with your students?
  • Does your class have an agreed set of good meta learning behaviours?
  • Which two ideas from above do you want to try out?
  • How long will you keep them going before you decide whether they have worked or not?

Make a note of…Little_r

  • What happens in your classroom in response to any of the above ideas.
  • How students’ behaviour changes over about 3 weeks of becoming more familiar and talking about the behaviour.
  • How your behaviour in the classroom changes as you use these ideas over time.

NB. None of the suggestions above will lead to instant understanding in students nor instant changes of behaviour. You will need to drip these and other ideas in over time and keep building and refreshing your language of learning.

Continue Reading

2. A classroom culture for meta-learning

Building students’ Learning Power is about creating a culture in your classrooms – that systematically cultivates habits and attitudes that enable your students to learn confidently and face difficulty calmly and creatively. By a ‘culture’ we mean all the little habits, routines and practices that implicitly convey ‘what we believe and value round here’.

So ‘culture’ concerns the details of the micro-climate that you create in your classrooms. What you do and say, what you notice and commend and what you don’t, what kind of role model of a learner you offer – all these are of the essence. The micro-climate of a classroom can inadvertently stifle, or specifically enhance, the very behaviours you are seeking to promote.

Does my classroom culture encourage Meta Learning?

Here is a selection of features that might begin to shape the emotional climate of your classroom to encourage meta learning.

The diagram has 4 sections:

  • Top – strategies you could build into the way you teach to stimulate meta learning;
  • Right – indications of the sort of language you might use to stimulate meta learning;
  • Bottom – ways in which you might celebrate / praise students’ use of meta learning;
  • Left – things that you need to enable students to do.

Apply your own noticing and consider whether you already use any of these features and which you fancy trying.

 

Download as a pdf

What do you think?

  • Which of the ‘build’ ideas (top) are already features of your teaching?
  • Which of the ‘talk’ prompts (right) do you regularly use when talking about meta learning?
  • Which of the ‘celebrate’ ideas (bottom) are already in evidence your classroom?
  • Which of the ‘enable’ behaviours (left) are you intentionally enabling in your classroom?

Make a note of…Little_r

  • Any ideas that look as if they might help your students to become better at meta learning.
  • An idea that you want to start doing.
  • An idea that interests you, but you are uncertain what it means or how you might do it.

Continue Reading

1. What is… good Meta-learning?

What do we mean by Meta Learning ?

Becoming a meta-learner involves drawing out of your learning experience a more general, explicit understanding of the process of learning, and specific knowledge about yourself as a learner. Let’s take these two aspects of meta-learning in turn.

There is a wealth of research which shows that good learners know a lot about learning.

They possess a vocabulary for talking about the process of learning itself, and are able to articulate how learning works.

Good readers, even quite young ones, are often able tell you half-a-dozen things they can do when they come across an unfamiliar word: they sound it out, break it down into bits, re-read the previous sentence, read on to see if the meaning becomes clear, look at the picture and think about it, and so on. And so, more generally, for good learners. The more able they are to talk about their learning, the more likely they are to be able to apply their knowledge to new domains too: meta-learning increases generalisation.

And good learners also need an accurate sense of themselves as learners. Being a good learner means being able to take your own strengths and weaknesses into account as you are weighing up a learning challenge, or deciding on a course of ‘professional development.’ In the business world, it is common now for people to take a job (if they are lucky enough to have a choice) partly on the basis of what they hope to learn from it. To make that decision well, they need not only to be able to plan their learning career, but also to base their decision on a realistic assessment of what they need and are ready to learn. Again, plenty of practice in thinking and talking about oneself as a learner at school is good preparation for the future.

The skills and dispositions of meta-learning can be cultivated simply by a teacher’s persistent use of questions such as ‘How did you go about finding that out?’ or ‘How would you go about teaching that to other people?’

What does being a good Meta-Learner involve?

A well formed Meta-Learner’s habit involves being ready, willing, and able to:

  • Use a well-formed vocabulary to talk about the process of learning and how learning works;
  • Understand how you learn, playing to your strengths and improving areas of weakness;
  • Learn from learning itself, mulling things over, and learning from experiences in order to avoid mistakes in the future;
  • Reflect on and draw out useful lessons from experiences and identify key features that might be useful elsewhere.

Spotting the Meta-Learners in your classes

Just to get you tuned in – have a quick think about ‘Me learners you may know’. Make a note of students you know who display these characteristics.

Becoming a teacher who develops students’ learning power means developing a keen awareness of the subtleties of your students’ learning behaviours.

What do you think?

  • How many students come to mind when looked at through the lens of meta learning?
  • Is there a gender balance or have you noted down more girls than boys or vice versa?
  • Are the students you have noted from across all age groups or do some dominate?
  • How do these meta learning characteristics help these students to be better learners?

Make a note of…Little_r

  • Those groups or classes that seem to have lots of good meta learning characteristics.
  • How you think you might capitalise on this.

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Helping your learners to . . . Collaborate Copy

Reciprocity — Collaboration

When you use this learning muscle, you …

  • are aware how you respond to other people
  • manage your feelings when working with others
  • respect other people’s points of view
  • are able to work effectively as part of a pair or team
  • share information and ideas willingly
  • understand the ground rules of team work

 

The purpose of Building Learning Power is to facilitate the growth of high value psychological characteristics in order to strengthen students’ learning characters. These skills, attitudes and values, when used with increasing competence and confidence across many learning opportunities, become learning habits; the characteristics of successful lifelong learners. 

‘A person’s Learning Power determines, even dictates, their propensity for change, and directs those behaviours that influence and underpin performance throughout life.

The power to learn is the essential ingredient in implementing strategies for change i.e. to learn.‘

The activities, think pieces and questions in this online unit aim to help teachers make a start on:

  • introducing students to one of the key learning behaviours;
  • using the language of learning effectively with students;
  • designing the use of learning behaviours into the way they teach;
  • developing the confidence and skill in helping students to grow their learning power.

 

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Helping your learners’ . . . Meta-learning Copy

Reflectiveness — Meta-learning

When you use this learning muscle, you …

  • are interested in how you learn as an individual
  • can talk about what skills you need to make progress
  • can talk about how learning works for you
  • know your strengths and weaknesses as a learner
  • are interested in becoming a better learner

 

The purpose of Building Learning Power is to facilitate the growth of high value psychological characteristics in order to strengthen students’ learning characters. These skills, attitudes and values, when used with increasing competence and confidence across many learning opportunities, become learning habits; the characteristics of successful lifelong learners. 

‘A person’s Learning Power determines, even dictates, their propensity for change, and directs those behaviours that influence and underpin performance throughout life.

The power to learn is the essential ingredient in implementing strategies for change i.e. to learn.‘

The activities, think pieces and questions in this online unit aim to help teachers make a start on:

  • introducing students to one of the key learning behaviours;
  • using the language of learning effectively with students;
  • designing the use of learning behaviours into the way they teach;
  • developing the confidence and skill in helping students to grow their learning power.
Continue Reading